Preventing iron deficiency during pregnancy and beyond

Iron deficiency, also known as sideropenia, is a widespread and often overlooked problem. Iron is essential for the production of red blood cells, which carry oxygen throughout the body, and it plays important roles in energy production and DNA synthesis, writes melarossa.it.

The most common symptoms of iron deficiency are weakness and general fatigue, but paleness, dizziness, rapid heartbeat, and difficulty breathing may also occur, CE Report quotes ATA.

In women, symptoms often arise due to menstruation and increased fatigue, especially during pregnancy.

Iron deficiency can lead to anemia with more pronounced and debilitating symptoms. A balanced diet is essential to prevent this condition, but in some cases, it is not enough.

In fact, besides proper nutrition and a greater focus on iron-rich foods, iron supplements may be necessary, although the best solution always depends on the cause and severity of the situation.

Iron deficiency and anemia: What you really need to know

This is a very common, often overlooked condition closely linked to the risk of iron deficiency anemia. Iron is crucial for the formation of hemoglobin, the protein found in red blood cells that transports oxygen to our cells.

How much iron does our body need?

Daily requirements vary depending on age, gender, and specific conditions such as pregnancy. For example, an adult man needs about 10 mg per day, while the requirement for a pregnant woman increases to about 27 mg.

How can you detect iron deficiency?

A simple blood test, a complete blood count, along with ferritin and iron levels (circulating iron), is all you need.

It is important to remember that low iron does not always mean anemia. According to the WHO, anemia is diagnosed when hemoglobin falls below:

• 13 g/dL in men.

• 12 g/dL in adult women.

• 11 g/dL in pregnant women.

Iron deficiency anemia occurs when there is a significant lack of iron, which impairs oxygen transport and causes symptoms of general weakness. The causes are not always related to an unbalanced diet: they are often linked to significant blood loss or other specific medical conditions.

Symptoms of iron deficiency

Early symptoms are often overlooked because they develop slowly and can be easily confused with other conditions.

Initially, you may experience unusual and persistent fatigue, difficulty concentrating, frequent headaches, or notice excessive hair loss.

Iron deficiency anemia, caused by low iron levels, affects not only physical capacity but also cognitive and mental abilities.

Common and less common symptoms include:

• Persistent headaches.

• Paleness of face and mucous membranes.

• General fatigue (asthenia).

• Difficulty breathing.

Less common but equally important symptoms include:

• Hair loss (alopecia).

• Inflamed or swollen tongue.

• Restless legs syndrome, especially in the evening.

• Dry and brittle skin, hair, and nails.

• Unusual nail shapes (spoon-shaped nails, koilonychia).

• Tachycardia (rapid heartbeat).

• Difficulty concentrating and reduced memory.

• Chest pain (angina pectoris).

• Episodes of dizziness and a feeling of instability.

• Tinnitus (ringing or buzzing in the ears).

If you experience any of these symptoms, even mild ones, it is important to talk to your doctor so they can perform specific tests and seek prompt treatment.

Causes of iron deficiency

Low iron is not caused only by an unbalanced diet, although poor nutrition can certainly contribute to the problem. This condition often arises from situations that increase iron needs or cause significant losses.

During adolescence, pregnancy, and breastfeeding, for example, the body requires increased amounts of iron to support growth and development.

Similarly, those engaged in intensive sports may require higher amounts of this mineral.

Liver disorders, specific drug therapies (antacids, antibiotics, anti-inflammatories), very restrictive vegetarian diets, and surgeries can also contribute to iron deficiency.